Isaiah 53:8. By oppression and judgment He was taken away. Now he begins to treat His glorification. Behold, here he declares that He whom he had until now depicted as a sheep to be killed and whom he had described as destined for a most shameful death for the sins of others is to be raised again. Now he describes Him again. He is not dead but taken away from oppression. Here he says that His oppression and judgment is finished. This cannot be said of a dead person remaining in the grave, but it can be said of one liberated and revived. The text says that He was oppressed and in judgment but has now been removed from them, hence resurrected.

As for His generation, who will tell it? Who can relate its duration, since His life and duration is eternal? Note the two contrary statements: Someone dying and yet enduring forever. Generation properly means age, era, a lifetime. it is a proverbial statement that “a generation goes, and a generation comes, but the earth remains forever” (Eccl. 1:4). This must be understood as referring not to generation but to age. Here, then, the prophet established Christ in an eternal age, something that cannot be expressed, namely, that He has been transposed into eternal life. Peter expounds this passage in Acts, where he says (Acts 2:24): “God raised Him up, having loosed the pangs of death, because it was not possible for Him to be held by it,” and led Him into generation, that is, into length of life and eternity. Christ has such length of life that it cannot be expressed. Unless we believe it by faith, eternity is beyond expression. (Luther’s Works, v. 17, pages 226-227).

Isaiah 52:13. Behold, ⁷ My Servant shall prosper, He shall be exalted and lifted up. … Behold, My Servant shall prosper. Here we begin chapter 53. Until now you have heard Christ’s kingdom depicted in the cross and that it is carried forward by faith and the Word alone. Yet that leading of faith, the Word, and the cross is not without deliverance and protection. In this chapter the prophet speaks primarily of the Head of the Kingdom as he treats of the person of the King and the manner of His deliverance. This is the foremost passage on the suffering and resurrection of Christ, and there is hardly another like it. Therefore we must memorize this passage, for it certainly drives out the stubbornness of the Jews. The Jews cannot deny that this passage speaks of Christ. They indeed grant the glories of Christ in this chapter, but they are unwilling to grant His cross and sufferings. Yet this is what the text says: This King will be glorious, but after His death. This indicates that this King is different from an ordinary one, since He will begin His reign after death. Behold, My Servant shall prosper. He calls Him Servant as He did above (42:1 f.): “He will not cry or lift up His voice, or make it heard in the street.” There He is not just called Servant, as the monastics think, but He is a servant, that is, a minister of the Word, an apostle and an ambassador. What will this Servant do? He shall prosper. (Luther’s Works, v. 17, pages 215).

Isaiah 53:12. Fourth: And made intercession for the transgressors. There he commends His patience to us. He was heartily glad to do it. First He depicts the suffering, second, the kind of suffering, third, the power of the suffering, and fourth, His patience. Thus He compassionately prayed for transgressors and crucifiers and shed tears for them and did not deal with them with threats. Who can place the Christ thus depicted in love into his heart, as He is here described? Oh, we would be blessed people if we could believe this most noble text, which must be magnified. I would wish it to be honored in the church, so that we might accustom ourselves to an alert study of this text, to bring us to see Christ as none other than the One who bears and shoulders the burden of our sins. This figure is a solace to the afflicted, but to snoring readers these are nothing but idle words.  (Luther’s Works, v. 17, pages 231-232).

Isaiah 53:12. Therefore I will divide Him a portion with the great, and He shall divide the spoil with the strong. Here he repeats as if by an exclamation. Since He poured out His soul in death and was not simply dead but was numbered with the transgressors, the prophet in these words repeats the suffering of Christ. Here he says: He gave His life into death. With that battering ram he strikes the stubbornness of the Jews, who do not want to hear about the Christ who dies but who look for a Christ who never dies. Here the prophet in a very simple and expressive way depicts the manner of His death. He says He will die and then points with the fingers, He will be numbered with the transgressors, as if to say, “You Jews want to acknowledge your Christ. He will appear in such a form that He will die the most despised kind of death in the midst of robbers.” The Jews, who look for a glorious Christ before they will believe in a crucified one, did not want to see this text. This is the way it happens to us who are blind, although as for us, let us believe in the crucified One.

Yet He bore the sins of many. He has described the death. Now he delineates the force and power of His sufferings. He says, “He did not die in vain, but all promises of Scripture have been fulfilled, and all our sins have been taken away. No, He did not toil in vain by His death, but He died to fulfill the promises and to set us free.  (Luther’s Works, v. 17, pages 231).

Isaiah 62:11. Behold, the Lord has proclaimed … the daughter of Zion: Behold, your salvation comes. This is the conclusion and an exclamation. Summary: “Hold tight, and let the Word remain with you, even though the whole world should attack you. Just hold tight, and you will be recompensed. This is so because behold, your salvation comes, that is, “your glory is in the gates.” Behold, His reward is with Him. He brings His reward along with Him. What you have believed will follow. And His recompense before Him. “Reward and recompense” is the fruit of the farmer and the earth. So the recompense of the farmer is the harvest. This, then, is the conclusion and summary: “You have salvation and a Savior coming to you.” Behold the reward, that is, “your labor will not be in vain, but it will have its own fruit.”

12. And they shall be called The holy people, The redeemed of the Lord. They shall be called is impersonal. “One will call them.” And you shall be called. Formerly you were forsaken and despised by your enemies. The ungodly perish and then the church remains. The Roman empire and all the kingdoms rage against the church. They have perished, but the church remains. So it will be today. The prophets gathered this from Moses. This is one sermon concerning the promises given to the church. (Luther’s Works, v. 17, pages 350-351).

Isaiah 62:10  “Prepare the way for the people. Build up the highway. Go, go through, Clear it of stones.  …After the godly and honest men have preached, they must work at driving off the ungodly preachers. “Beware of false prophets” (Matt. 7:15). It is their endeavor to put away offenses, ungodly teachings, so that the people may not be offended. It is our task to see to it that a godly people, well taught, can simply proceed on the way without a stumbling block. The chief teaching is already present. There remains the one endeavor, namely, that the teaching be retained. To guard possessions is no less a virtue than to acquire them. Take care that some sectarian does not come who will impose upon you. Thus I, Martin Luther, was in four dangers, and yet, beyond my own planning, I was set free by God. When Satan sees us standing firm in the Word, he begins to set another plan before us and tries to lead us into it, so that the whole world will perish by our counsel. He has a thousand tricks.

Lift up an ensign over the peoples. Thus Ps. 4:6 reads: “Lift up the light of Thy countenance upon us.” Raise up the banner. Set yourselves in battle array, and do not be sleepy. For the whole world is against us. The Word is a fighting word. In the first place, by teaching it one wages war against the ungodly. Then that which is taught is attacked by the ungodly. Do not be smug and do not sleep, but lift up an ensign, since the pastors must be on guard, lift up the Word, study, and apply themselves to defending the Word. Therefore let us not be smug, for Satan does not sleep. (Luther’s Works, v. 17, pages 350).

Isaiah 50:6. I gave My back to the smiters, etc. Christ is the first to undergo a host of afflictions because of the Word, and thus it is for us disciples the supreme usefulness, strength, wisdom, and power which enables us to bear all things, however difficult, for its sake. This is a theme in the Book of Job. The wisdom of the world cannot be put to shame except through foolishness and weakness.

I hid not My face from shame and spitting. What does that spitting accomplish except extolling the wisdom of the world? Thus our face toward the world, if anyone will look at it with spiritual eyes, is so spit upon, so polluted by endless disgraces, that no profession is less imposing in the world than that of those who profess the Gospel. But for one disgrace a hundred glorious rays will one day appear, because the Lord Himself is present as our Helper. He strengthens, preserves, and liberates the hearers.  (Luther’s Works, v. 17, pages 194-195).

Isaiah 50:4. To hear as those who are taught. Like a pupil who is ready to learn. But when they hear us for the purpose of passing judgment on the Word, they are bringing the ears of a teacher. One who is eager for the truth submits his ears to learning, and he does not fight to show off his skill. To one who makes this kind of accusation you must answer: “I am not here to teach the teacher but the pupil who is eager and wearied, who reduces his wisdom to nothing.” Here is a most harmonious relationship between the learned tongue, the ready ear, and the heart prepared for learning. The Enthusiasts indeed have stirred up ears but exceedingly unlearned tongues. They are quite ready even to hear lies, but they cannot keep their tongues from fighting against the Word.

5. I was not rebellious. “It is the Lord who opens My ears.” So it is for Christ and so it is for all Christians, even if because of weakness and denseness they feel that all things are contradictions and hindrances and faults in sins, anxiety, poverty, blasphemy, etc. Nevertheless, to hear the Word in earnest and to bear all things for the sake of the Word, this is ultimately very difficult. I turned not backward, that is, “I do not turn back to Egypt and become unbelieving, but I confess the Word with the mouth as well as in deed. I sing the praises of the power and might of that seemingly powerless and foolish Word.” (Luther’s Works, v. 17, pages 194).

You may say to this: “Am I not to speak out when an injustice is being done? Am I to call it justice and condone it? Am I to find it pleasing when the properties of the monasteries are seized or when there is coarse behavior and no praying or fasting?” No, I am not telling you to do that. He acknowledges here that there is a speck and that it should be removed; but here He is giving you instructions about doing it properly. I have to admit that it is not very nice, this speck in the eye. But above all I must determine whether I have a log in my own eye, and take that out first. Make the villain in your own breast pious, and then go on to see to it that the little villain becomes pious, too. It is wrong when the big thieves hang the little ones, as the saying goes, and the big villains condemn the little ones….” (Luther’s Works, v. 21, pages 221).

Now, anyone who is a Christian must certainly know and feel in himself that such immaculate purity is impossible and that daily the article “the forgiveness of sins” has to rule in us. Therefore it is easy to pardon other people’s faults and to put them all together by saying in the Lord’s Prayer: “Forgive us as we forgive.” This is especially so when it is evident that the other person honors the Word and does not despise or persecute it. Where the Word is, there Christ’s kingdom is, and full forgiveness, which consumes the speck. Therefore, where we notice this, we should not despise or condemn anyone. Otherwise we shall make our own speck a log and fail to obtain forgiveness, because we refuse to forgive other people.” (Luther’s Works, v. 21, pages 220-221).